The famous ancient Greek healer Hippocrates said: "We are what we eat! "He is right about many things, including the culture of food consumption, its usefulness or harm in relation to the human body. Thus, some products are vital for the normal, full functioning of all organs and systems, while others, on the contrary, reduce the quality of life and lead to serious diseases, such as pancreatic-inflammation. In this case, proper balanced nutrition is the cure, preventing possible relapses.
Pancreatitis is an inflammatory process that occurs in the pancreas. This organ plays an important role in the functioning of the digestive system. Its main functions are the production of insulin and the digestive enzymes needed to break down and digest nutrients:
trypsins to digest proteins;
lipases for processing fats;
lactase, maltase, amylase, invertase, which ensure the transformation of complex carbohydrates into monosaccharides.
Normally, pancreatic juice saturated with enzymes enters the duodenum through the ducts, where the main stage of food digestion occurs. Pathology occurs when the secretion of the enzymatic fluid is too active, its quantity becomes such that it cannot physiologically "quickly" migrate out of the gland. Stagnation occurs, during which the digestive enzymes interact with the cells of the pancreas, which leads to their death, stimulating inflammation.
In most cases, pancreatitis is the result of excessive and regular consumption of alcohol, fatty and heavy foods. Such a diet results in the fact that the pancreas constantly works in an enhanced mode, producing an excess amount of enzymes, which not only have a toxic effect on the organ itself, but also on other life-sustaining systems, entering the systemic bloodstream.
The same reactions are possible when taking certain medications.
Another common cause of the disease is partial or complete blockage of the pancreatic duct. This can be caused by the formation of stones (in the case of the gall bladder), cysts, tumors, injuries, and in rare cases, a structural anomaly. Less frequently diagnosed are cases when the disease developed as a result of parasitism of pathogenic microorganisms and other gastrointestinal pathologies (cholecystitis, cholangitis, etc. ).
general rules
There are two main forms of pathology: acute and chronic. In the first case, the symptoms are the most pronounced: severe pain occurs on the left side, which radiates to the forearm, frequent vomiting, hyperemia. An attack usually occurs after consuming fried or spicy foods or alcoholic beverages. In this case, urgent hospitalization and immediate treatment are required to stabilize the condition as soon as possible and avoid dangerous complications such as pancreatic death and multiple organ failure.
In the first 2-3 days after the attack, it is forbidden to eat any food in order to stop the production of enzymatic secretions. During this period, the body is fed through a drip.
Drinking is allowed at will, but in small portions. Consumption of mineral water or boiled water, weakly brewed tea, rosehip decoction is allowed. After the pain subsides, the patient gradually switches to a normal diet. It is important not to overload the gland and allow time for recovery, so the diet should be as gentle as possible. Food should be eaten in portions of no more than 150 g, no more than 6 times a day.
All food in liquid or semi-liquid form (soups, purees, porridge) is prepared by boiling or steaming and cooled to a warm temperature before serving. They gradually expand the diet, adding more high-calorie and non-chopped food. Further nutrition for pancreatitis remains partial and sparing.
In case of a chronic disease, the clinical picture is not so bright. In this case, the pathology has already affected most of the glandular tissue, which leads to serious disturbances in the functioning of the organ, primarily in the full production of enzymes. Persistent indigestion can be observed: diarrhea, bloating, changes in the nature of the stool, but no pain. However, during an exacerbation, the symptoms become more intense and are accompanied by severe pain.
The diet is adjusted according to the same principles as in the case of acute pancreatitis. After the three-day fast, the patient switches to fractional, low-calorie foods (proteins - 60 g, fats - 50 g per day). This regimen is recommended for a period of 5-7 days. In addition, the nature of the food varies depending on the patient's condition. Proteins are preferred, the amount of fat remains low. Liquid foods are supplemented with viscous, finely chopped foods; Cooking by steaming or frying is allowed.
Daily salt intake should not exceed 6 g (for any form of pathology).
Why should you follow a diet for pancreatitis?
An acute attack of the disease means serious damage to the health of the gland. Only in isolated cases does the organ fully recover without any consequences. Usually, such disorders do not disappear without a trace, especially if a person again abuses strong drinks or eats incorrectly. The transition to the chronic form is a dangerous condition, it is no longer possible to fully recover. In this case, the affected gland is not able to produce the required amount of enzymes, so regular (often lifelong) use of drug analogs is necessary.
Dietary nutrition for pancreatitis is mandatory. The main goal is to relieve the diseased organ, reduce hypersecretion and prevent recurrence. Foods that are difficult to digest and take a long time to digest, which require increased production of pancreatic juice, are removed from the menu. The diet is selected to ensure normal functioning of the pancreas and maximum recovery of damaged tissues.
Diet plays an important role in preventing diabetes. There are special areas in the gland, called islets of Langerhans, where a specific hormone, insulin, is produced. If inflammation affects these formations, hormone production decreases, which can ultimately lead to the development of endocrine diseases. In this case, improper nutrition is considered a predisposing factor.
Approved products for pancreatitis
After the symptoms subside, the patient will see the 5p. diet chart no. There are two options - basic and advanced. The first is prescribed for the chronic course of the pathology in the active phase and in case of an acute attack. It is rather limited and mainly consists of easily digestible carbohydrates.
Increased nutrition for pancreatitis is a modification of the carbohydrate diet with the addition of protein products. Their daily content in food does not exceed 125 g, while the amount of fat consumed must not exceed 70 g. In addition, the amount of other nutrients necessary for health is also taken into account:
Vitamin A - 10 mg;
B vitamins - 2-10 mg;
Vitamin C - up to 150 g;
calcium - 0. 8 g;
sodium - 3 g;
phosphorus - 1. 3 g;
magnesium - 0. 5 g;
iron - 0. 03 g.
All this suggests that the daily menu should not only be healthy, but also varied due to the use of various approved products.
Vegetables: potatoes, cucumbers, cauliflower, seaweed, green peas, pumpkin, zucchini, celery, carrots. There is much debate among nutritionists about the consumption of carrots. Cooked root vegetables are known to be healthy, but their high betaine and sugar content question their safety as a food for pancreatitis.
Pureed vegetables are eaten in the form of a puree as part of the first courses. A gradual transition to coarser grinding is allowed.
Fruits, berries: apple, pear, pomegranate, peach, strawberry, raspberry. The products are baked (apples), steamed, or made into various delicacies (without sugar): preserves, jam, foam, marshmallows, marmalade, jelly.
Meat (lean): turkey, chicken, rabbit, veal (fillet or tenderloin). The products can be eaten after the patient's condition is stabilized. It is used to puree soups, stews, quenelles, meatballs and soufflés.
Fish: perch, pike, carp, perch, hake, roach, cod, blue cod. Serve in cooked pieces or process into minced meat for steaming.
Dairy products (low fat): milk, kefir, yogurt, cottage cheese, cream, yogurt. Fermented milk drinks are drunk little by little during the day, porridge is cooked with milk, casseroles and puddings are made from cottage cheese.
The cheese is worth a special mention. Only marinated soft cheeses can be eaten: feta cheese, suluguni, etc. The products are crushed and added to the food during cooking.
Cereals: semolina, rice, buckwheat, oatmeal. Cereals ground into flour are the most suitable.
Pasta: Any. Prepare as directed, small items are preferred.
Egg: chicken, quail. It is eaten boiled (mashed), soft-boiled (rarely) or as an omelette.
Bread: wheat (yesterday's), with bran, crackers, crackers.
Oil: creamy (max. 30 g per day), vegetable (linseed, olive, refined sunflower) gradually enters the menu.
Drinks: weak tea, compotes, diluted juices from non-acidic berries and fruits, non-carbonated mineral water.
All dishes are prepared immediately before eating. It is forbidden to "bake" vegetable soup.
Fully or partially restricted products
Unfortunately, a dangerous disease imposes its own strict rules, according to which the patient must live longer. First of all, this applies to the daily diet. In order to avoid possible relapses and worsening of the condition, you must permanently stop eating certain foods in the future. Of course, this is difficult to accept, but the price of poor nutrition during pancreatitis is often the patient's life.
Dieting should not be treated as an ordeal. The number of things to eat is not so small and at every stage of the food table. In addition, if the patient feels well, the diet for pancreatitis can be expanded by introducing foods that are not included in the main diet (some seasonal vegetables, fruits, etc. ). Their consumption should be strictly limited, carefully monitoring the body's reaction. If any symptoms suggestive of a potential attack, even mild, appear, the new food added to the diet is immediately excluded.
The patient's diet does not include high-fat foods. Above all, this applies to meat (pork, lamb, duck, goose, offal). All semi-finished meat products and sausages are also prohibited. The latter are especially a potential danger because they contain a large number of chemical flavoring additives that irritate the entire digestive system. Exceptions are sausages or ham made from dietary poultry meat, which are occasionally consumed in small quantities.
Fatty sea and river fish (salmon, beluga, sturgeon, sterlet, etc. ), as well as caviar, rolls and sushi are not included. Eating fish and seafood with a moderate fat content is allowed (more than 2 times a week).
The diet menu does not include vegetables with coarse fiber and high acid content: white cabbage, radishes, rutabaga, radishes, turnips, spinach, sorrel, corn, asparagus, eggplant. Do not serve pickled, pickled, salted vegetables, ginger, olives, garlic and onion dishes. The products must be heat treated before consumption, they must not be consumed raw. Sweet tomatoes can be used with caution in the diet if there are no signs of pancreatitis.
Fruits and berries contain a large amount of acid, which increases the secretion of pancreatic fluid. Therefore, their use is not desirable, especially during the rehabilitation period following the attack. Citrus fruits, persimmons, melons, fresh berries and fruit juices made from them are prohibited. Dried fruits are allowed to a limited extent.
The consumption of mushrooms and legumes is excluded. These products are a great source of vegetable protein, which helps activate the pancreas. In addition, unwanted disorders from other organs of the gastrointestinal tract may occur: increased gas formation, constipation, which is especially problematic for people with pancreatitis.
Foods made from hard-to-digest cereals: millet, barley, peas and pearl barley are prohibited. The texture of the finished cereal should be semi-liquid and viscous, it is not recommended to eat it in crumbly form.
Fatty milk and its derivatives (cottage cheese, kefir, sour cream) are extremely undesirable. Hard, salty, sharp cheeses and cheese products are prohibited.
When preparing food, we cannot use spices, we cannot serve factory sauces: mayonnaise, ketchup, mustard, etc. Baking is strictly prohibited. Fried foods (including steamed vegetables for soups) are saturated with many carcinogenic substances and other harmful substances that impair the functioning of the entire digestive system. Regular consumption of such foods can trigger a new attack. The same goes for any smoked meat or canned fish. The fish should not be placed in too little water because. . . thus, extractive substances are released, which require increased production of pancreatic juice.
It is forbidden to eat fresh bread, baked goods and sweets. Such foods are a source of a large number of carbohydrates, which promote the activity of the diseased organ and increase the release of insulin. With cooking fats (margarine, etc. ) This means a serious load, which is unacceptable in pancreatitis. Therefore, do not eat cookies, cakes, ice cream, chocolate or honey.
All alcohol, strong coffee, carbonated drinks, cocoa and green tea are strictly prohibited.
Sample menu for one week for pancreatitis
The nutrition of pancreatitis in the acute phase is quite bad, but it is necessary to relieve the inflammation. A 6-fold meal plan is prescribed:
Breakfast. Soft porridge with water is preferable, with diluted milk in the absence of symptoms. You can complete your meal with a piece of buttered toasted bread.
Lunch. It usually contains unleavened cottage cheese or cheesecake, jelly and fruit puree.
Dinner. Light soups and vegetable soups are served as first courses. For the second course - meat or fish souffle, steamed slices with mashed cereals and vegetables.
Afternoon snack. Its composition is similar to the second snack.
Dinner. This food is preferably light, but has enough protein. Suitable for boiled fish, meat pate as a side dish.
For the night. Instead of food - a glass of low-fat kefir or yogurt.
Depending on the patient's condition, the daily menu is supplemented with other dishes from the list of approved products.
Monday
Pureed rice porridge, rosehip infusion.
Baked apples with dried apricots.
Chicken consommé with croutons, fish souffle.
Kisses, biscuits.
Turkey meatballs, pumpkin and carrot puree.
Kefir.
Tuesday
Buckwheat porridge, tea with milk.
Low-fat cottage cheese (100 g), apple mousse.
Vegetable puree soup, steamed veal meatballs.
Compote, a piece of soft, lightly salted cheese.
Boiled perch with potatoes.
Ryazhenka.
Wednesday
Oatmeal porridge with dried fruits in water.
Yogurt.
Rice soup with carrots, bread with cheese.
Fruit jam.
Cottage cheese casserole with pears and wheat bread.
Yogurt.
Thursday
Steamed omelette (white), sandwich with butter, tea.
Curd pudding.
Fish soup, rabbit souffle with carrot garnish.
Kefir, fruit jelly.
Steamed chicken fillet with cauliflower puree.
Sleeping milk.
Friday
Steamed cheesecake, rosehip drink.
Baked apple.
Pumpkin cream soup, turkey rolls with vegetables.
Yogurt.
Boiled veal, carrot pudding.
Unsweetened tea.
Saturday
Boiled egg white, kefir.
Fruit puree, biscuits.
Homemade pasta with vegetable soup and turkey slices.
Cottage cheese.
Green pea pasta, compote.
Varenets.
Sunday
Semolina porridge with butter.
Apple mousse.
Chicken soup with potato dumplings and fish dumplings.
Vegetable puree.
Steamed turkey with a side dish of zucchini and carrots.
Milk (low fat).
Diet recipes
Rice porridge with pumpkin
You will need:
Broken round grain rice - half a glass;
pumpkin - 300 g;
half milk and half water - only 1 glass;
sugar - 1 teaspoon;
salt.
Cut the previously peeled and cored pumpkin into pieces, boil in a little water until soft, rub through a sieve. Another option is also possible: grate the vegetables and put them in the pan together with the rice.
Add cereal to boiling diluted milk and cook for 15 minutes. Then add the pumpkin puree, sugar and a little salt. Mix and leave on the fire for another 2-3 minutes. Porridge should be eaten standing for 20-30 minutes.
Meatloaf and cauliflower soup
Ingredients:
turkey or chicken fillet - 300 g;
fresh egg whites - 2 pcs. ;
potatoes - 3 pcs. ;
carrot - 1 piece;
cauliflower - 300 g;
water - 2-2. 5 l;
salt.
We prepare minced meat. Knead it thoroughly with the egg white and shape it into walnut-sized meatballs. Put the cabbage, previously cut into small florets, and the grated carrot into boiling water. After 5 minutes, add the potatoes cut into small cubes. When the vegetables are cooked, add the meatballs to the soup, add salt and mix. Let it cook on low heat for 5-7 minutes.
If the disease worsens, you can prepare a gentler cream soup. In this case, the meatballs are not shaped. Add the minced meat (without protein) to the cooked vegetables, mix, cook for 5-7 minutes, then puree the contents of the pan with a blender. Pour in the egg white in a thin stream, while mixing it into the soup.
Chicken souffle
Products:
chicken breast without skin - 500 g;
milk - 1 glass;
egg white - 2 pcs. ;
vegetable oil (for greasing the mold);
salt.
Preheat the oven to 180 °C. Pass the breast twice through a meat grinder, mix it with egg whites and milk, add salt. Beat the minced meat until smooth with a blender. Grease a heat-resistant dish with oil and fill it with the meat mixture. Bake for 30 minutes without opening the oven.
Steamed fish fillet
You will need:
white fish fillet (cod, pollock, perch) - 500 g;
protein from 2 eggs;
salt.
The fish is ground into minced meat, salted, mixed with egg white and thoroughly kneaded until smooth. We form cutlets. Place on a wire rack placed in a deep pan of boiling water and hold over steam until cooked (25-30 minutes). You can use a slow cooker for this.
Broccoli omelette
Ingredients:
raw protein - 4 pcs (or 2 eggs);
broccoli - 200 g;
milk - 0. 5 cups;
water;
salt;
oil for lubrication.
Wash the cabbage, cut it into cubes, cover and cook for 10 minutes. Beat the whites (eggs) with milk and salt until foamy. Place the cooked vegetables in a fireproof pan greased with oil, pour in the egg-milk mixture and place in an oven preheated to 180 °C. Bake for 10 minutes. In acute cases of the disease, the cabbage inflorescences are crushed into pulp.
For kids
The disease is rarely diagnosed in childhood. However, an acute attack is possible if the child suffers from drug abuse, previously suffered a severe viral infection, abdominal trauma, or received long-term drug treatment (hormones, tetracyclines). The disease often manifests itself together with other gastrointestinal pathologies, such as gastritis. Dietary therapy in this case must take into account the nature of the underlying disease.
Nutrition for pancreatitis in children is the same as for adults and follows a similar scheme: the first week is a strict, gentlest menu, then the weekly table gradually becomes more diverse, with good digestibility and the absence of distractions. symptoms.
It is important to remember that a growing child's body needs the necessary amount of nutrients, including fats. Therefore, in order not to overload the gland, the child receives the necessary dose of enzymes artificially, e. g. with the help of medicines.
The daily menu must necessarily include vegetables, fruits (in the remission phase you can eat them fresh, but carefully), fermented milk products, liquid, viscous porridges, soups, as well as boiled lean meat and fish. After the attack, a strict diet must be followed for one month, an extended diet for at least 5 years, and in the chronic form of the disease, the dietary chart must be followed for life.
For pregnant women
In pregnant women, pancreatitis may worsen while taking certain vitamin complexes or due to internal pressure on the gland by the enlarged uterus. Nutrition for pancreatitis in this case should be a diet, but it should take into account all the nutritional needs for the full development of the fetus.
Advantages and disadvantages
Adherence to the diet is the key to the health not only of the pancreas, but of the entire digestive system. Such nutrition is balanced, healthy, easier and better digested. In addition, despite the restrictions, the diet is quite diverse and allows you to combine different foods in meals, thereby providing a wide, nutritious table. However, this diet takes time. For many patients, this is not so much a consumer obstacle as a psychological obstacle, because many familiar "tasty" products have to be abandoned. But this is necessary to maintain the possibility of a normal life.
Nutrition experts comments
Dietary treatment of pancreatitis is primarily aimed at maximum emptying of the affected gland. It is important to stop the excessive production of enzymatic secretions. However, according to nutritionists, it is necessary to ensure complete rest of the digestive organs from time to time. During this period, the affected organ is most prone to regeneration, because it is functionally "sleeping".
For this purpose, therapeutic fasting (complete refusal of food) is performed. Most often, this regimen is observed for 24 hours, but it can be increased if the patient feels well and under the supervision of a doctor. Long-term abstinence from food (more than 7 days) requires hospitalization.
Fasting days are a more gentle option. Nutritionists recommend eating them at least once a week. We choose one of the allowed foods, for example porridge or vegetable puree. It is made in such a quantity that it can be divided into several meals. No other products are consumed.
Reviews and results
Stable positive dynamics of remission can only be observed with strict adherence to the rules of the treatment table.
Any, even minor, violation of the diet can invalidate all the efforts made earlier, provoking a new disease. How this can turn out for the patient, no doctor will say, but in any case, the consequences will be the most disappointing. Reviews of patients with pancreatitis only confirm this. That's why proper nutrition is so important. The point is to make it easier to handle, study your body and understand what is well tolerated and what is bad. In this matter, the strong support of our loved ones is an excellent motivation.
Price
The average price of a weekly diet food basket is 20-40 dollars.